The invention provides a thermoelectric device, a manufacturing method for manufacturing the thermoelectric device, a control system for controlling the thermoelectric device, and an electronic appliance. The thermoelectric device includes rows of thermoelectric elements, each of which includes p-type thermoelectric elements and n-type thermoelectric elements that are alternately arranged in a first direction, the n-type thermoelectric elements each having a junction area electrically connected to one of the p-type thermoelectric elements that adjoins the n-type thermoelectric element; first insulators; and a second insulator. In the thermoelectric device, the first insulators are each arranged between a corresponding one of the p-type thermoelectric elements and one of the n-type thermoelectric elements that adjoins the p-type thermoelectric element. The rows of the thermoelectric elements are arranged in a second direction perpendicular to the first direction and connected to each other. The second insulator is arranged between the rows of thermoelectric elements in such a manner that the p-type thermoelectric elements and n-type thermoelectric elements of the rows of the thermoelectric elements are electrically connected in series.