The invention discloses an implanted passive wireless acoustic surface wave sensor detection device. In the device, the power supply output end of an in-vitro processing module is connected with an in-vitro transmitting antenna, while the signal input end is connected with an in-vitro receiving antenna; an in-vivo receiving antenna is connected with a wireless power supply module which is connected with an acoustic surface wave sensor detection module that is connected with an in-vivo transmitting antenna; the in-vivo receiving antenna device is arranged in the radiation area of the in-vitro transmitting antenna; the in-vitro receiving antenna is arranged in the radiation area of the in-vivo transmitting antenna; the acoustic surface wave sensor detection module has the same central frequency as the in-vivo transmitting antenna; the in-vivo receiving antenna has the same central frequency as the in-vitro transmitting antenna; the in-vitro receiving antenna has the same central frequency as the in-vivo transmitting antenna; and the central frequency of the in-vivo receiving antenna and the in-vitro transmitting antenna is smaller the central frequency of the in-vitro receiving antenna and the in-vivo transmitting antenna. The device can detect the physiological parameters of organisms with high accuracy and has a long measurement distance.