The invention provides a preparation method of anion-exchange membranes based on ionic liquid, which relates to an ion exchange membrane. The invention provides an anion-exchange membrane based on ionic liquid with the advantages of environment-friendly effect, high electric conductivity, good chemical stability, good thermostability and good mechanical performance and a preparation method thereof. The free radical copolymerization reaction is carried out for preparing imidazolium type polymers according to the following steps: adding imidazole type ionic liquid monomers, acrylic ester monomers, solvents and triggering agents into a reaction vessel for carrying out back flowing reaction under the protection of inert gas; carrying out precipitation, washing and drying on obtained products to obtain the imidazolium type polymers. The membrane forming is carried out according to the following steps: dissolving the imidazolium type polymers obtained in the first step into organic solvents to be prepared into polymer solution, forming the membranes through a phase conversation method, and obtaining the anion-exchange membranes based on the ionic liquid.