The invention discloses a high-power, multiband and multilayer annual core laser doped with rare earth ions, belonging to the fields of high-power optical fiber lasers and special optical fibers. The used active optical fiber is N-layer annual core optical fiber doped with rare earth ions, wherein N is not less than 2 and not more than 10; a written optical grating with the reflection coefficient of more than or equal to that of 99 percent of the corresponding lasing wavelength, or a reflecting film which is plated on the end face of the active optical fiber and has the reflection coefficient of more than or equal to that of 99 percent of the corresponding lasing wavelength, and a written optical grating with the reflection coefficient of 4-95 percent of the corresponding lasing wavelength, or a reflecting film which is plated on the end face of the active optical fiber and has the reflection coefficient of 4-95 percent of the corresponding lasing wavelength, and the active optical fibers active optical fibers between the written optical grating and the reflecting film form a resonance cavity; and an output lasers output by a pumping source are coupled into the active optical fibers, and the generated multiband laser is output from the output end of the resonance cavity. The laser can simultaneously generate multiband lasers with the wavelength range exceeding 100nm and has the advantages of compact structure, high pumping efficiency, low inserting loss, high reliability and the like.