The invention discloses a method for reducing and controlling losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of rice, belonging to a method of zero tillage and standard open tillage of the rice and comprising the following steps of: digging a surrounding ditch around the rice; digging a waist ditch and a side ditch for dividing the rice into several side surfaces; flattening the side surfaces; fertilizing enough basic fertilizers; coating films for tightly attaching ground films to clay on the side surfaces; pressing both sides by using the clay; transplanting the rice; keeping water in the ditches ratherthan in the film surfaces; drying the water in the rice within 15 days before the rice is ripe; and leaving low rice stubble in rice harvest. In the method, irrigation with water saving is realized, the purpose for reducing and controlling the losses of nitrogen and phosphorus of the rice is realized, and a theoretical basis and a realizing mode are supplied for scientifically and reasonably building the environmentally friendly utilization mode of the rice.