The invention relates to a rice and wheat straw guide and transport device of a combined harvester, which adopts the structure that bearing seats are installed in the shaft neck positions at both ends of a plurality of spiral shafts; the spiral shafts are uniformly installed on a beam at the front part of the combined harvester in the longitudinal direction by the bearing seats; the spiral shafts are distributed on the same horizontal plane; the right end of each spiral shaft is provided with two chain wheels, wherein the right end of the last spiral shaft is provided with the chain wheel; a plurality of chains are alternately installed on the chain wheel between the adjacent spiral shafts; the chain wheel on the first spiral shaft is connected with a power source; a U-shaped belt mechanism is distributed under the spiral shafts; and a plurality of transport chains are uniformly distributed at the front right side of the combined harvester. The scheme that the front ends of the chains and the spiral shafts are positioned in the same horizontal plane overcomes the defect of breaking or cutting straws and malt culms when the combined harvester harvests rice and wheat in the prior art and is suitable for various combined harvester.