The invention relates to a composite road surface course structure and a construction method thereof. The composite road surface course structure is composed of a lower layer of rubber concrete and an upper layer of exposed concrete, and the construction method comprises the following steps: 1) after the pavement of the under layer and the basement layer is finished, firstly paving the rubber concrete, then paving the exposed concrete; 2) coating the exposed concrete around the rubber concrete to form a center-wrapped structure; and 3) connecting the lower layer of rubber concrete and the upper layer of exposed concrete by adopting the wet-connect-wet technology, namely, paving the upper course with the exposed concrete before the rubber concrete paved at the lower course is condensed and hardened. The invention is applicable to the roads of each level, and has good performances of vibration reduction, skid resistance and noise reduction.