The invention relates to a preparation method of a dental material based on a photochemical fast reaction mechanism, which relates to the field of dental preparation. The scheme aims at solving the problem that the existing dental material used for filling caries needs to be further improved in the aspects of abrasion resistance and toughness. The method comprises the steps of utilizing silane coupling agent to conduct surface modification to inorganic nano-powder; evenly mixing the modified inorganic nano-powder with bisphenol A glycidyl methacrylate monomer, triethylene-glycol dimethacrylate thinner, camphorquinone photo-initiator and dimethylamino ethyl methacrylate coinitiator and the like under a condition without sunlight; and removing bubbles under a vacuum condition. The key pointof the scheme is as follows: the inorganic nano-powder contains alumina nano-tube which accounts for 10 to 80 percent of weight of the inorganic nano-powder. The alumina nano-tube added in the inorganic nano-powder is beneficial to improving the anchoring force and increasing the toughness due to the feature and toughness thereof.