The embodiment of the invention relates to a random access method, a random access system, an evolution network base station and user equipment. The method comprises the following steps: according to different uplink multiple access modes, allocating physical random access channels (PRACHs) corresponding to the uplink multiple access modes for a random access targeting signal; sending the allocation information of the PRACHs to the user equipment; monitoring the random access targeting signal sent by the user equipment according to the allocation information of the PRACHs on different PRACHs;and adopting a receiver of the uplink multiple access modes corresponding to the PRACHs to process the random access targeting signal. The embodiment of the invention improves the decoding efficiencyof the targeting signal, thereby improving the access performance of the user equipment.