The invention discloses a method for melting ice and snow on power transmission and distribution lines by low voltage and high current. The method adopts the power transmission and distribution lines needed to melt the ice and snow and transformer substations at two ends of a power transmission line; at the two ends of the power transmission line, namely inlet and outlet lines of the transformer substations, one end of the power transmission line is connected with the low voltage of 12 to 80 volts, and the other end of the power transmission line is connected with a short-circuit operating station. When the ice and snow need to be melted, a low voltage output operation is carried out at one end connected with the low voltage, and a short-circuit operation is carried out at one end connected with the short-circuit operating station so as to achieve the low voltage and the high current on the power transmission and distribution lines needed to melt the ice and snow to generate heat so that the ice and snow needed to be melted on the power transmission and distribution lines acquire the heat to be melted. The method for removing the ice and snow on the power transmission line saves manpower, avoids climbing a pole tower, and is quite convenient, quick and safe when the ice and snow on any line are melted at the ice and snow weather. Particularly in winter, the method can designedly remove the ice and snow on each line, and does not influence industrial and agricultural production and daily life power consumption of people.