An object-oriented bus protection setting method takes a bus voltage transformer in a main bus connection system, a bus coupler or section switch, a feeder switch and a stripe-spanning disconnecting switch as basic composition objects, firstly analyzes the topological structure of each basic composition object, and then forms a bus topological structure, and later takes the bus topological structure as the object so as to finish the differential composition logic of bus differential protection in accordance with a traditional method; by analyzing the configuration information of the basic composition objects, the self-adaptive construction of a bus differential protection scope is finished; each basic composition object respectively defines each type and simultaneously provides relative configuration information: parameter, input and output; according to the configuration information, the topological structure of a protected bus is formed, and then the self-adaptive construction of the bus differential scope, which is finished by analyzing the configuration information of the objects, is protected; and the bus adopting the bus protection setting method has very strong protection and adaptability, can conveniently achieve the bus protection of different main connection systems by modifying the configuration files, and is conducive to improving the program quality.