The invention discloses a single camera full field Doppler speed measuring device. The modulation laser light emitted by an Nd:YAG laser is split by a light splitter; one path forms a surface light illuminating flow field test zone through a column lens and a first spherical lens; the other path is connected with a control computer through a plane mirror, a first iodine filter, a second sphericallens, a photodiode and a computer interface; the three paths of control signals of the computer interface are respectively connected with the Nd:YAG laser through a frequency controller, a temperaturecontroller and a synchronous controller; and the scattered light in the flow field test zone is connected to the control computer through a lens, a second iodine filter and a CCD camera. Compared with the conventional DGV speed measuring device, the single camera full field Doppler speed measuring device only adopts one CCD camera, thus simplifying the speed measuring device and reducing the equipment cost. Compared with the PIV speed measuring device, the single camera full field Doppler speed measuring device can meet the requirements of full field speed measurement of large-scale flow field. Aiming at large-scale flow field, the single camera full field Doppler speed measuring device has measurement accuracy higher than that of the conventional DGV speed measuring device and the PIV speed measuring device.