The invention relates to an electrorheological material damping performance test device and a method thereof. The device comprises a viscoelastometer host machine, a ring-shaped pumping test device treated by insulation, a high-voltage power supply, an isolation transformator and a DC microammeter; wherein, the viscoelastometer host machine comprises a machine head and a computer processing system, and the machine head is connected with a plug column of the test device and comprises a vibration generator, an acceleration transducer and a displacement pickup, wherein, the vibration generator can generate vibration with different frequencies and cut electrorheological fluid, and the acceleration transducer and the displacement pickup can be used for testing the displacement and accelerationof the plug column, so that the performance data of the electrorheological material can be obtained after analysis and treatment. The electrorheological material damping performance test device can be used for obtaining the data of viscosity and rheological characteristic as well as performance data of electrorheological storage modulus, loss modulus, dissipation factor, compliance and the like, thus providing more data for performance evaluation and effective material property index for the design of intelligent devices such as electrorheological damper, etc.