The invention discloses a splicing wall positioning system and a splicing wall positioning method. The splicing wall positioning system comprises a splicing positioning processing unit, a plurality of splicing wall units, a plurality of image sensors and a data transmission unit. The data transmission unit comprises a transmitter and a receiver; the input end of the transmitter is respectively connected with the output ends of the image sensors; and the output end of the transmitter is connected with the splicing positioning processing unit through the receiver. The transmitter carries out the parallel-serial conversion to the collected data, i.e. the collected parallel data is converted into the serial data so as to enhance the speed of data transmission, and then the data compression processing by the image sensors can be avoided and the data decompression processing by the splicing positioning processing unit also can be avoided so as to guarantee that the data processed by the splicing positioning processing unit are just the data collected simultaneously and enhance the synchronization of the data received by the splicing positioning processing unit, i.e. enhance the precision of synchronous positioning of the splicing wall.