The invention relates to hot working process of a high-strength deformation magnesium alloy. The method comprises selecting appropriate thermal treatment temperature and time, controlling processes of dissolving of compound phases, exsolution, precipitation and the like, on the basis of stability of different compound phases and different characteristics of thermodynamics and kinetics in magnesium alloys, therefore effectively controlling the histological structure of the alloy for making that the magnesium alloy both have excellent plastic property and obtain high strength. According to the invention, a hot working system is formulated according to the character of magnesium alloy compounds and the system having a wide applicability is prone to realize industrialization scale production,is suitable for magnesium-zincium base aging strengthening type magnesium alloy and is especially suitable for ZK system high-strength deformation magnesium alloy with the zincium bigger than or equal to 6.0.