The invention relates to a collinear femto-second laser polarized pump detecting system, comprising that a pulse laser is output by a polarized output pulse laser; the laser is rotated in the polarization direction by a wave plate; a light-splitting device divides the laser beam into two beams vertical to each other in the polarization direction; a reflector receives and reflects the laser beams;an acoustooptic modulator modulates the laser beams; an aperture transmits the modulated laser beams; an acoustooptic modulator driver transmits modulation signals for the acoustooptic modulator; an electrically controlled travelling carriage moves forward and backward; an analyzer transmits the laser beams which are vertical to each other in the polarization direction; a photodetector receives the laser transmitted by the analyzer; a magnet fixes an adjusting rack so as to fix a sample; a focusing lens irradiates the laser on the surface of the sample; and an electrically controlled revolving stage fixes the wave plate. The invention combines the two beams of light vertical to each other in the polarization direction by polarized coupling; therefore, the system can ensure spatial coherence of the two beams of light on the sample, thereby avoiding the problem of adjusting direction of light beam; thus, the operation is simpler.