The invention relates to a pulsed electric field dry type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization method and a device, which belong to the technical field of environmental engineering. In the method, Ca(OH)2 is used as a desulphurizer, is sprayed into a flue gas conveying pipe (in front of the second level dust collector) behind the first level dust collector at a high speed in a spraying unit and is mixed with the flue gas containing SO2; under the action of a high pressure pulsed electric field applied in the flue gas conveying pipe, the Ca(OH)2 reacts with the SO2 in the flue gas to generate CaSO3 and small amount of CaSO4 particulate matters; and then the CaSO3 and the CaSO4 particulate matters are removed by the second level dust collector so as to achieve the aim of removing the SO2 from the flue gas. The pulsed electric field dry type calcium-spraying flue gas desulfurization system in the conveying pipe is helpful to clean out superfine dust (PM10, the grain size is less than or equal to 10mu m). The high pressure pulsed electric field applied in the flue gas conveying pipe plays a role of predischarging the superfine dust and is advantageous for the purification through the second level electrostatic dust collector, thus the dust purifying efficiency is improved.