The invention relates to a vacuum extraction and liquid filling device for a capillary tube. The device comprises a vacuum pump, a master extraction valve, an inlet extraction stop valve and an extraction outlet valve which are connected by a line; the other end of the extraction outlet valve is connected with an extraction inlet tube; an electromagnetic vacuum discharge valve is arranged at an outlet of the vacuum pump; two lines are respectively led out from the line which is connected with the master extraction valve and the inlet extraction stop valve, one line is provided with a vacuum gauge valve which is connected with a vacuum gauge, and the other line is provided with a water tank extraction valve which is arranged at the top of a water storage tank; a line with a water tank water supply valve is led out from the line which is connected with the inlet extraction stop valve and the extraction outlet valve, a drain line with a drain valve is arranged at the bottom of the water storage tank, and a line with an inlet valve is arranged at the top of the water storage tank. The device can vacuumize a capillary tube loop and fill liquid, which ensures a water entity state of thecapillary tube loop, and finally realizes lossless remote pressure transmission.