The invention discloses a five-into-one low temperature rapid scouring agent, which belongs to the technical field of fabric dyeing and finishing. The rapid scouring agent is characterized in that the rapid scouring agent is prepared by the following raw materials in weight portion: 18 to 20 portions of alkyl phosphate, 10 to 18 portions of alkyl polyether phosphate ester, 8 to 19 portions of alkyl polyethenoxy ether, 15 to 16 portions of calcined soda, and 40 to 45 portions of sodium silicate. The product is used for the desizing, the scouring and the bleaching of cellulose fiber, has excellent osmosis, dispersivity, hydrogen peroxide stability and scouring effect, replaces the prior osmotic agent, dispersion chelator, hydrogen peroxide stabilizer, caustic soda and scouring agent, is time-saving and labor-saving, and has good scouring effect and high whiteness.