Disclosed is a culture environment monitoring method of a livestock facility, comprising the following steps: sensing nodes collect environmental parameter information in real time, control nodes collect running state information of a controlled device, and the information is transmitted through other sensing nodes or control nodes by a multi-hop mode, and monitoring data are processed by a plurality of nodes in the transmitting process and are routed to a base station and a monitoring site by the multi-hop mode; and the base station receives the environmental parameter information and the running state information of the controlled device transmitted by the sensing nodes and the control nodes through a communication module, a computation module is in serial communication with the communication module to obtain physical quantity data of various parameters. The base station transmits the physical quantity data to the monitoring site through serial ports on the one hand, and a user interface displays environmental data and the state of the controlled device; and on the other hand, the base station obtains a control command through the physical quantity data of the parameters and a control algorithm, and the control command is transmitted to the control nodes for controlling the controlled device by the multi-hop mode, so as to reach the purpose of environment monitoring.