The invention discloses an eyesight protection system and a method based on three-dimensional videography, wherein the method comprises the following steps that: a display is taken as a videography center to obtain a human body image positioned in front of the display, and the position of a face setting zone is detected inside the human body image; according to the obtained position information of the face setting zone, the image of the face setting zone is determined inside the human body image; according to the image of the face setting zone and the calibration information of a three-dimensional videography unit, the distance between eyes and a display screen is calculated; moreover, when the calculated distance is less than a set protection distance, warning information is sent out. The technical proposal disclosed by the invention does not need to determine a safety distance according to the statistical information of face size, and eliminates the influence of face size on a calculated result.