The invention discloses a method for predicting the residual intensity and the residual service life rapidly and intactly, comprising the following steps that: firstly, the stress-service life curve of a material or a part, i.e. the S-N curve, is measured; secondly, the corresponding relation between the surface hardness and the residual intensity of the material or the part under a random load spectrum of reinforcing, damaging and considering small load strengthening is established; thirdly, the surface hardness in the process of using the material or the part is measured, according to the corresponding relation between the surface hardness and the residual intensity of the material or the part, the residual intensity of the material or the part is predicted rapidly and intactly; forthly, the residual service life of the material or the part under the different load spectrum is predicted rapidly and intactly by adopting the predicted residual intensity and the stress-service life curve of the material or the part, that is the S-N curve. The rapid and intact prediction of the residual intensity and the residual service life of the material or the part can be realized by the simplemeasurement of the surface hardness by adopting the method.