The invention provides a ranging code detection method of a base station receiver. The method comprises the following steps that: (1) a ranging subcarrier is separated from a received signal in frequency domain according to the configuration of known ranging channels; (2) the received ranging subcarriers are corresponding to candidate ranging codes set one by one by fine self-correlation of a CDMA ranging code in frequency domain; (3) the cross correlation value between two adjacent subcarriers is calculated; (4) the ranging code is detected, and the ranging code is deemed to be detected whenthe signal-noise-ratio of the cross-correlation result is larger than a threshold which is arranged in advance; (5) when a certain ranging code is detected, a timing detection to the ranging code is carried out by taking the phase difference between two adjacent subcarriers as an estimate of a timing offset; (6) the frequency swing of a carrier frequency is obtained by the same subcarrier on two adjacent ranging symbols.