The invention relates to a detection and control method and a system of bar code reading equipment, wherein, the method includes the following steps: initialized location parameter, command parameter and target value is received; according to the initialized location parameter, each drive unit is controlled to work and the location of a bar code worktable and/or a reading equipment worktable is adjusted; according to the command parameter and the target value, resolution test, reading distance test, reading angle test and/or symbol contrast test are executed; finally, test result is recorded through comparing bar code symbol and the bar code reading equipment. The system comprises an initialized module, a testing item module and a result processing module which complete the steps of the method, wherein, the testing item module comprises a resolution test unit, a reading distance test unit, a reading angle test unit and/or a symbol contrast test unit. The invention which can adapt to bar code reading equipment of different dimensions and models tests the reading distance of the equipment and plots the reading graphic; moreover, the invention has strong versatility and wide application.