The non-hydrocatalyzing adsorption process for desulfurizing hydrocarbon oil in a fixed bed reactor includes feeding sulfur containing hydrocarbon oil material into the fixed bed reactor, contacting alternately with sulfur converting agent and sulfur adsorbent, and separating the reacted matter flow to obtain product. The process completes the catalytic conversion of organic sulfide into inorganic sulfide and the timely adsorption of inorganic sulfide cooperatively inside one reactor, and can realize deep desulfurization of gasoline in non-hydrogenation condition in the desulfurizing rate up to 95 wt%.