With regard to a substrate for a transparent electrode and transparent conductive thin film each having transparency and conductivity, a transparent metal material and transparent electrode are provided which are capable of being stably supplied and are composed of raw materials with superior chemical resistance. When a metal oxide layer (12) composed of an anatase type crystal structure is provided on a substrate (11) to constitute the metal oxide layer (12) by M:TiO 2 , low resistivity is achieved while internal transmittance is maintained. M:TiO 2 obtained by substituting other atoms (Nb, Ta, Mo, As, Sb, or W) for Ti of the anatase type TiO 2 enable maintenance of transparency and remarkably improvement of electric conductivity.